Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature

Famous Bestiary of Thirteenth Century Lent for Exhibition, Which Includes Many Fine Miniatures

By Henry S. Francis

AMIDST the vigorous determinative moments of our existence, there are many who believe that the qualitative values so necessary a factor of judgment in the more ordered moments of our lives are not to be developed today. The point of view which is developed today is that of the immediate, the immediate accomplishment, which will be replaced by the immediate accomplishment of tomorrow, and so on. This is valuable in moments and more valuable in moments when time was less.

An excellent contrast in point is the modern formula of artistic achievement, with the gentle accomplishments of Persia in the thirteenth century and earlier. The Morgan Library is on exhibition a group of manuscripts which is a typical example of the best in Persian art of that time.

Of the many fine manuscripts on exhibition, the most important is the so-called "Bestiary" of the early thirteenth century. The bestiary is a description of animals, real and imaginary, which was very popular in the Middle Ages. The Morgan bestiary is a fine example of the Persian miniature at its best. The illustrations are delicate and refined, with a charm and grace that is typically Persian.

The text of the bestiary is in Persian, and the illustrations are accompanied by verses in the same language. The verses are not translations of the Arabic original, but are original compositions, and add much to the charm of the manuscript.

The exhibition also includes a number of other fine manuscripts, among which may be mentioned a copy of the "Shah Nameh" of Firdausi, a "Divan" of Hafiz, and a "Bustan" of Saadi. All these manuscripts are of the highest interest, both from the point of view of their calligraphy and their illustrations.

The exhibition will remain open until February 15, and it is to be hoped that it will be seen by many who will appreciate the beauty of the Persian art of the thirteenth century.

Post-Mongol Art

In the present exhibition, this post-Mongol group of manuscripts is well represented by three phases—a page from the "Shah Nameh" of Firdausi, a page from the "Divan" of Hafiz, and a page from the "Bustan" of Saadi. The "Shah Nameh" page is a fine example of the Herat school of the fifteenth century, the "Divan" page is a good example of the Shiraz school of the same period, and the "Bustan" page is a good example of the Tabriz school of the sixteenth century.

The Herat school of the fifteenth century was founded by Shah Rukh, the grandson of Timur, who was a great patron of the arts. The Shiraz school of the fifteenth century was founded by the prince of Shiraz, who was also a great patron of the arts. The Tabriz school of the sixteenth century was founded by the Safavid shahs, who were also great patrons of the arts.

The exhibition also includes a number of other fine manuscripts, among which may be mentioned a copy of the "Shah Nameh" of Firdausi, a "Divan" of Hafiz, and a "Bustan" of Saadi. All these manuscripts are of the highest interest, both from the point of view of their calligraphy and their illustrations.

Persian Paintings and Books on View at Fogg

Types of Timurid and Herat Schools Shown at Museum—Rare Manuscripts Also on Exhibition

Important Works Dated After Twelfth Century

The following is a list of the Persian paintings from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century loaned to the Fogg Museum by the Arthur M. Sackler, New York, and the Louis E. Stern, New York, collections:

1. "The Persian Miniature" (thirteenth century)
2. "The Persian Miniature" (fourteenth century)
3. "The Persian Miniature" (fifteenth century)
4. "The Persian Miniature" (sixteenth century)
5. "The Persian Miniature" (seventeenth century)

The exhibition will remain open until February 15, and it is to be hoped that it will be seen by many who will appreciate the beauty of the Persian art of the thirteenth century.

Crimson, Jan 22

PERSIAN PAINTINGS AND BOOKS ON VIEW AT FOGG

Types of Timurid and Herat Schools Shown at Museum—Rare Manuscripts Also on Exhibition

IMPORTANT WORKS DATED AFTER TWELFTH CENTURY

The following is a list of the Persian paintings from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century loaned to the Fogg Museum by the Arthur M. Sackler, New York, and the Louis E. Stern, New York, collections:

1. "The Persian Miniature" (thirteenth century)
2. "The Persian Miniature" (fourteenth century)
3. "The Persian Miniature" (fifteenth century)
4. "The Persian Miniature" (sixteenth century)
5. "The Persian Miniature" (seventeenth century)

The exhibition will remain open until February 15, and it is to be hoped that it will be seen by many who will appreciate the beauty of the Persian art of the thirteenth century.

The image is a page from a 1932 newspaper transcript titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature." The article, written by Henry S. Francis, discusses the historical and artistic significance of the famous Bestiary of the Thirteenth Century lent for exhibition, which includes many fine miniatures.

Key points include:

1. Artistic Judgment and Momentum:

   • The article contrasts the modern approach to artistic judgment with the traditional, often naive, method of the past. It emphasizes the need for a more nuanced understanding of art's evolution and the importance of recognizing the value of artistic work in its time.

2. Persian Art and Culture:

   • The text highlights the historical and artistic context of Persian art during the thirteenth century, particularly focusing on the Persian miniatures.
   • It mentions the cultural dominance of Baghdad and the subsequent influence of the Mongols and the Timurid dynasty.

3. Historical Context and Exhibitions:

   • The article discusses the historical development and artistic achievements of Persian miniatures, including the impact of the Mongol invasion on the artistic culture.
   • It details the influence of Timurid art and the works of significant artists like Bihzad, who were prominent during this period.

4. Artistic Styles and Techniques:

   • The text delves into the artistic styles and techniques prevalent in Persian miniatures, noting how they evolved over time and were influenced by various political and cultural shifts.

5. Exhibition Highlights:

   • The article mentions specific exhibits, including a well-known manuscript from the thirteenth century and its significance in showcasing the cultural and artistic richness of the period.

Additionally, there is a brief mention of Persian paintings and manuscripts from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, indicating their importance in the museum's collection and their current exhibition status.

The article also touches on the broader historical context, such as the Mongol conquests and the establishment of the Timurid dynasty, which significantly impacted the artistic and cultural heritage of Persia.

The image is a newspaper clipping from the "Transcript" dated January 29, 1932. The article is titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature" and is authored by Henry S. Francis. The main focus of the article is the exhibition of a famous bestiary from the thirteenth century, which includes many fine miniatures.

Key points from the article include:

1. Exhibition Details:

   • The exhibition, held at the Morgan Library, includes a variety of Persian miniatures.
   • The bestiary is a significant piece of art, showcasing the cultural and artistic achievements of the thirteenth century.

2. Historical Context:

   • The article discusses the cultural and artistic influences during the thirteenth century, particularly the Persian art and literature.
   • It highlights the importance of the Persian language and culture, which influenced the Mongol conquerors and spread through various regions.

3. Artistic Evolution:

   • The text mentions the development of artistic styles and techniques, emphasizing the unique blend of influences that shaped Persian art.
   • It notes the transition from traditional Persian art to new forms influenced by Mongol and other cultures.

4. Specific Artworks:

   • The article describes the Persian manuscripts, particularly those from Timurid and Safavid periods, which are significant for their artistic and historical value.
   • It mentions the work of notable artists like Bihzad and others who contributed to this period's art.

5. Cultural Significance:

   • The article underscores the cultural and artistic significance of the Persian manuscripts and their influence on later periods.
   • It discusses the decline of art and the revival efforts by artists like Riza 'Abbasi.

6. Exhibition Highlights:

   • The exhibition includes various Persian paintings and books, with a focus on manuscripts from the Timurid and Safavid periods, which are considered some of the finest works of art from these times.

The article is detailed and informative, providing insights into the historical context, artistic techniques, and cultural significance of the Persian manuscripts and miniatures on display.

The image shows a newspaper clipping from the "Transcript," dated January 29, 1932, and January 22, 1932, with two articles related to Persian art and manuscripts.

Article 1: "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature"

Author: Henry S. Francis

Summary:

• The article discusses the exhibition of a 13th-century Persian manuscript, which includes many fine miniatures.
• It highlights the significance of this manuscript as a testament to the artistic achievements of the Persian world during the Mongol period.
• The manuscript is noted for its intricate miniatures and calligraphy, which were influenced by the Mongol conquests and the blending of cultures.
• The article emphasizes the manuscript's importance in understanding the artistic and cultural development of the time, particularly the influence of Mongol rule and the interaction with Central Asian and Chinese artistic traditions.

Article 2: "Persian Paintings and Books on View at Fogg"

Summary:

• This article reviews an exhibition at the Fogg Art Museum featuring Persian paintings and manuscripts from the 13th to the 17th century.
• The exhibition includes works from prominent artists and schools, such as the Timurid and Herat schools.
• The article mentions several key artists and their works, including those by Bihzad, Kamal-ud-din Behzad, and Sultan Muhammad.
• It discusses the evolution of Persian painting, influenced by the Mongol invasion and the subsequent cultural synthesis.
• The exhibition highlights the transition from earlier traditional styles to more refined and innovative artistic expressions seen in the works of artists like Bihzad.

The articles collectively provide insight into the rich history and artistic evolution of Persian manuscripts and paintings, emphasizing their cultural significance and aesthetic value.

The image is a newspaper clipping from the Transcript, dated January 24, 1939. It features an article titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature" by Henry S. Francis. The article discusses a famous bestiary (a compendium of beasts) from the thirteenth century, which includes many fine miniatures and is being lent for an exhibition at the Fogg Museum, Harvard University.

Key Points in the Article:

1. Exhibition Details:

   • The post-Mongol art exhibition at the Fogg Museum will display three phases of Persian painting.
   • The Morgan Manuscript, a particularly significant piece, will be part of the exhibition.

2. Historical Context of Persian Miniature Art:

   • The article highlights the influence of various cultures on Persian miniature art, including Chinese and Western influences post the Mongol invasion.
   • The Timurid period (15th century) is noted for its flourishing artistic endeavors, despite political upheavals.

3. Post-Mongol Art:

   • The article mentions the distinct phases of Persian art following the Mongol era, including the Timurid period and subsequent Safavid dynasty.
   • It discusses the evolution and characteristics of Persian miniatures, attributing the refinement of the art to the Mongol tradition.

4. Cultural and Artistic Significance:

   • The author argues that the Mongols, despite their destructive reputation, played a crucial role in the development of Persian art.
   • The Timurid princes and later Safavid rulers continued to patronize the arts, leading to a rich period of artistic achievement.

5. Exhibition at the Fogg Museum:

   • The exhibition will showcase various Persian manuscripts and paintings, including types from Timurid and Herat schools.
   • Important works from the seventeenth century onward are also on display.

6. Additional Notes:

   • The article is part of a broader coverage of Persian art, with a focus on miniatures and manuscripts.
   • The author, H. S. Francis, is an assistant to the directors of the Fogg Museum and lecturer in Fine Arts.

The article provides a detailed insight into the historical and cultural significance of Persian miniature art, especially focusing on the influence of Mongol and Timurid periods, and highlights the importance of the Morgan Manuscript in this context.

The image shows a newspaper clipping from January 22, 1930, titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature." The article discusses the Fogg Museum's exhibition of Persian miniature paintings and manuscripts, which includes a famous bestiary from the thirteenth century lent for exhibition. The article is written by Henry S. Francis, an assistant to the director of the Fogg Museum and a lecturer in Fine Arts.

Key points from the article include:

1. Exhibition Overview:

   • The exhibition features a group of Persian paintings and manuscripts from the twelfth century onward, loaned from collections in Boston and New York.
   • The exhibition highlights the artistic achievements of Persian miniature painting, which is described as naive and graceful, with a focus on decorative beauty and the use of brilliant colors.

2. Historical Context:

   • The article discusses the historical development of Persian art, noting the influence of Mongol invasions and the subsequent adaptation of Chinese artistic traditions.
   • The Persians adapted Mongol art, which was characterized by its naive and graceful qualities, and developed it into a more sophisticated form.

3. Artistic Influences:

   • The article mentions the influence of Chinese art on Persian miniatures, particularly in the use of decorative elements and the depiction of natural forms.
   • The Persians also drew inspiration from the art of the Timurid and Herat schools, which are known for their intricate and detailed manuscripts.

4. Notable Works:

   • The exhibition includes important works dated after the twelfth century, such as the "Manafi al-Hayawan" (The Benefits of Animals) by Ibn Bakhtishu, which is a famous bestiary.
   • The article highlights the artistic accomplishments of the Manafi al-Hayawan, noting its detailed and colorful illustrations of animals and plants.

5. Cultural Significance:

   • The article emphasizes the cultural significance of Persian miniature painting, noting its role in the development of Islamic art and its influence on Western art.
   • The exhibition is seen as a testament to the enduring legacy of Persian art and its continued relevance in the modern world.

Overall, the article provides a detailed overview of the Fogg Museum's exhibition of Persian miniature paintings and manuscripts, highlighting their historical and artistic significance.

This image shows a vintage newspaper clipping featuring an article with the headline "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature." The date at the top of the clipping reads "Transcript, Jan. 29/30," suggesting that it is from January 29 or 1930.

The article discusses a 13th-century bestiary that was on exhibit, including many fine miniatures and is authored by Henry S. Francis. The text is presented in two columns on what appears to be a page from a newspaper's arts section.

On the right side of the clipping, a smaller article titled "PERSIAN PAINTINGS AND BOOKS ON VIEW AT FOGG" is visible, also written by Henry S. Francis. This article focuses on Persian paintings and books from Timurid and Herat schools shown at a museum, mentioning that they are rare manuscripts and include important works dated after the twelfth century.

At the bottom of the first column, the word "Continued" indicates that the story likely continues on another page not visible in the image. The newspaper itself shows signs of age with yellowing and slight wear, and it also has three punched holes on the right-hand side, which indicate that it may have been stored in a binder or filing system.

The image shows a yellowed newspaper clipping with two articles.

At the top, prominently featured in bold letters, is the headline: "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature." Underneath the headline, the article by Henry S. Francis details the exhibition of a famous bestiary of the thirteenth century, which includes many fine Persian miniatures. The date at the top indicates "Transcript, Jan. 28, 1930."

The article discusses the historical and artistic significance of the Persian miniatures, noting their cultural impact and development over time. It examines the influence of various regions and significant figures on Persian miniature art, and discusses the importance of careful study and preservation of these works.

Beside this article, there is a smaller clipping dated "Crimson, Jan 28" with the headline: "Persian Paintings and Books on View at Fogg." This article reviews the exhibition at the Fogg Art Museum, noting the collection of Persian paintings and rare manuscripts from the twelfth century onwards. It provides a brief context about Persian paintings, their historical timeline, and the types of works included in the exhibition.

The entire page appears to be carefully preserved, possibly punched for binder storage, indicating its value for archival purposes.

The image shows a page of a newspaper or magazine with two articles related to Persian art and manuscripts.

The left article is titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature" and is written by Henry S. Francis. It discusses the importance and historical context of Persian miniature paintings, particularly from the thirteenth century. It touches on the cultural and artistic developments of Persia, mentioning various influences and highlights of Persian art, including post-Mongol art and an emphasis on delicate and subtle artistic qualities.

The right article is titled "Persian Paintings and Books on View at Fogg," dated Crimson, Jan. 22. It announces an exhibition at the Fogg Art Museum showing types of Timurid and Herat schools with rare manuscripts, along with Persian paintings from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. The article emphasizes the importance of Persian painting after the 1200s and discusses historical influences, including the movements of artists and the cultural exchange between Egypt and Persia, noting the changes after the Mongol invasion in 1258.

The page has some handwritten dates at the top, indicating the transcription date as January 29, 1930. The page is slightly yellowed and has standard holes punched on the right side, suggesting it was stored in a binder or folder.

Description of the Image

The image shows a scanned page from a historical or academic publication, likely a journal or magazine, dated January 29, 1930. The page is titled "Morgan Manuscript in Persian Miniature" and appears to be an article discussing Persian art, specifically focusing on manuscripts and miniatures. The layout and typography suggest it is from an early 20th-century publication, with dense text and a structured format typical of scholarly or artistic journals.

Content Overview

The page is divided into two main sections, each discussing different aspects of Persian art and culture:

Left Section: "Famous Bestiary of Thirteenth Century Lent for Exhibition, Which Includes Many Fine Miniatures"

This section is authored by Henry S. Francis and explores the Morgan Manuscript, a notable example of Persian miniature art from the 13th century. Key points include:

1. Historical Context:

   • The article discusses the Morgan Manuscript as a significant artifact of Persian art, highlighting its intricate miniatures and historical importance.
   • It emphasizes the cultural and artistic achievements of the 13th century, particularly in the context of Persian miniature painting.

2. Artistic Merit:

   • The manuscript is praised for its technical skill and artistic expression, noting its ability to convey complex themes and emotions through miniature illustrations.
   • The author compares the manuscript to other notable works from the same period, such as those from Greece, Rome, and Egypt, underscoring its unique value and sophistication.

3. Cultural Significance:

   • The article touches on the influence of Persian art on other cultures, particularly the transmission of artistic techniques and themes to regions like Byzantium and Europe.
   • It discusses the role of Persian miniatures in preserving and transmitting knowledge, especially in the absence of widespread literacy.

4. Exhibition Context:

   • The manuscript is mentioned as being part of an exhibition at the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, indicating its significance in the art world at the time.

Right Section: "Crimson, Jan. 22"

This section is a continuation or related article, focusing on Persian painting and books on view at the Fogg Art Museum. Key points include:

1. Exhibition Overview:

   • The article reviews an exhibition of Persian paintings and rare manuscripts held at the Fogg Art Museum.
   • It highlights the types of Timurid and Herat Schools shown, emphasizing the diversity and historical value of the displayed works.

2. Historical Period:

   • The exhibition features works dated after the twelfth century, showcasing the evolution of Persian art from the Timurid period (14th–15th centuries) to the Herat School (15th–16th centuries).
   • The article notes the influence of Chinese culture on Persian art during this period, particularly in the Abasid Caliphate.

3. Artistic Techniques:

   • The text discusses the technical and aesthetic qualities of Persian miniatures and paintings, noting their delicate lines, vibrant colors, and intricate details.
   • It mentions the use of gold and silver in many works, as well as the lyrical and symbolic nature of the art.

4. Cultural and Historical Context:

   • The article provides insights into the political and social conditions that influenced Persian art, such as the Mongol invasions and the rise of the Timurid dynasty.
   • It also touches on the decline of Persian art in the 16th century, attributing it to political instability and the loss of patronage.

Visual Elements

• Typography: The text is set in a classic serif font, typical of early 20th-century publications. The headings are bold and clearly distinguishable from the body text.
• Layout: The page is divided into two columns, with the left column dedicated to the main article and the right column containing a related review or commentary.
• Headings and Subheadings: The article uses clear headings and subheadings to organize the content, such as "Famous Bestiary of Thirteenth Century Lent for Exhibition" and "Crimson, Jan. 22".
• Footnotes and References: There are no visible footnotes on this page, but the dense text suggests scholarly references may be present elsewhere in the publication.

Overall Impression

The page reflects a scholarly and artistic interest in Persian miniature art, particularly from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It combines historical analysis, artistic critique, and cultural context to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the significance of Persian manuscripts and paintings. The mention of the Fogg Art Museum indicates that the article is part of a broader effort to showcase and preserve these valuable artifacts.

The content is dense and informative, aimed at an audience with an interest in art history, cultural studies, or the history of the Middle East.