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1920 and 1922.

The citizens of the town of Weimar and the local government presented further difficulties. The various factions of the city could, it seems, agree on only one point - a suspicious dislike of the school. The local communist party violently attacked the Russian-born Kandinsky for his "defection." The right-wing coalition considered others on the faculty dangerous radicals. The feeling ran so high that early in 1925 the Bauhaus closed and a few months later moved to the more hospitable city of Dessau.

Excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife (and translated by her into English) reflect the painter's reactions to the tensions and frustrations of the Weimar period.

May 22, 1919

"He (Gropius) said the students were completely out of control. Since the war, every bit of discipline is gone. There are even hotheads among them who follow the new Expressionist trends."

May 23, 1919

"The (Weimar) government is in a ferment and it would seem that they were wishing to make an end to us by reducing subsidies... Our antagonists are now the patriots of the Vaterland, the Pan-Germans! Though ours is an ideal concerning only art, they are dragging it into party politics."

September 7, 1922

"Why is there this voluntary submission to the tyranny of Van Doesburg?... It is crass sabotage against everything the Bauhaus is aiming at... unless the ideology of the Bauhaus is perverted, it must break down."

The image shows an open book with a page number marked as "-9-". The text on the page discusses the historical context and challenges faced by the Bauhaus school during the Weimar period (1920-1922).

Key points from the text include:

1. Political Climate: The citizens and local government of Weimar presented difficulties, with various factions in the city agreeing on one point: a suspicion of the school. The local communist party violently attacked the Russian-born Kandinsky for his "defection," and the right-wing coalition considered other faculty members dangerous radicals.

2. Tensions and Radicalism: The political climate was so tense that by early 1925, the Bauhaus had to close and move to Dessau, a more hospitable city.

3. Letters from Lyonel Feininger: Excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife, translated into English, reflect the artist's reactions to the tensions and frustrations of the Weimar period.

4. Quotes from Feininger's Letters:

   • May 22, 1919: Feininger noted that students were completely out of control, and discipline was a significant issue. He observed that many were hotheads following new Expressionist trends.
   • May 23, 1919: He described the Weimar government as being in turmoil, with subsidies being sought to keep the school running. The antagonists of the Bauhaus were seen as Pan-Germans who were dragging art into party politics.
   • September 7, 1922: Feininger questioned the voluntary submission to the tyranny of Van Doesburg, stating that unless the Bauhaus ideology is adhered to, it would be sabotaged by opposition and forced to break down.

The text illustrates the turbulent political environment that influenced and impacted the operations and ideology of the Bauhaus school during this period.

The image displays a page from a document discussing the historical context and challenges faced by the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany, during the early 1920s.

Key points from the text include:

1. Political and Social Tensions:

   • In 1920 and 1922, the citizens of Weimar and the local government presented significant difficulties for the Bauhaus school.
   • Various factions within the city agreed on their suspicion and dislike of the school, viewing it as a center for radical ideas and defection.

2. Faculty and Staff Issues:

   • The right-wing coalition in the local community targeted specific faculty members, notably the Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky, labeling him and others as dangerous radicals.
   • This tension led to the Bauhaus school closing in Weimar in early 1925 and relocating to Dessau.

3. Lyonel Feininger's Correspondence:

   • Excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife provide insight into the reactions and frustrations during the Weimar period.
   • On May 22, 1919, Feininger noted that students were out of control post-war, lacking discipline and following only the newest Expressionist trends.
   • By May 23, 1919, he described the Weimar government's turmoil and the antagonistic stance of Pan-Germanists who opposed the Bauhaus and sought to influence politics.
   • On September 7, 1922, Feininger questioned the voluntary submission to the tyranny of Van de Velde, implying a cross sabotage against the Bauhaus. He expressed that unless the Bauhaus ideology overcame such opposition, it would need to be shut down.

Overall, the text highlights the political, social, and internal challenges faced by the Bauhaus school during its early years in Weimar.

The image shows a page from a book or document related to the history of the Bauhaus school, particularly focusing on the Weimar period. Here are the detailed observations:

1. Content:

   • The text discusses the challenges faced by the Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany, during the 1920s.
   • It mentions the tensions and disagreements among the various factions of the city, including the local government and the school community.
   • The communists and right-wing coalition both viewed faculty members with suspicion, with the communist party accusing Kandinsky of "defection."
   • The school faced difficulties due to these political tensions and eventually relocated from Weimar to Dessau.

2. Specific Excerpts:

   • There are excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife, reflecting his frustrations and reactions to the political climate.
   • The first excerpt (May 22, 1919) notes that students were out of control and that discipline is lacking, with a general atmosphere of discontent.
   • The second excerpt (May 23, 1919) discusses the government's financial struggles and the need for subsidies to protect art and the Bauhaus.
   • The third excerpt (September 7, 1922) questions the voluntary submission to political tyranny and criticizes the interference of the state in artistic pursuits, emphasizing the importance of overcoming opposition to maintain the Bauhaus' integrity.

3. Context:

   • The text highlights the political and social turmoil during the Weimar Republic, illustrating how these conditions impacted the Bauhaus and its members.

Overall, this page from the document provides insight into the turbulent environment in which the Bauhaus operated and how it navigated through political and social challenges.

The image shows a page from a book or document discussing the history and challenges faced by the Bauhaus school during its Weimar period (1920-1925). The text on the page is as follows:

"1920 and 1922.

The citizens of the town of Weimar and the local government presented further difficulties. The various factions of the city could, it seems, agree on only one point -- a suspicious dislike of the school. The local communist party violently attacked the Russian-born Kandinsky for his "defection." The right-wing coalition considered others on the faculty dangerous radicals. The feeling ran so high that early in 1925 the Bauhaus closed and a few months later moved to the more hospitable city of Dessau.

Excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife (and translated by her into English) reflect the painter's reactions to the tensions and frustrations of the Weimar period.

May 22, 1919
"He (Gropius) said the students were completely out of control. Since the war, every bit of discipline is gone. They are even hotheads among them who follow the new Expressionist trends."

May 23, 1919
"The (Weimar) government is in a ferment and it would seem that they were wishing to make an end to us by refusing subsidies. Our antagonists are now the protectionists, the Pan-Germans! Though ours is an international art, they are dragging it into party politics."

September 7, 1922
"Why is there this voluntary submission to the tyranny of Van Doesburg? It is cross sabotage against everything the Bauhaus is aiming at... unless the ideology of the Bauhaus is overthrown, it must break down."

The text highlights political and social tensions that impacted the Bauhaus, including the school's controversial faculty, political opposition, and the challenges of maintaining its artistic vision amidst political turmoil in Weimar. Lyonel Feininger's letters provide a firsthand account of these issues.

The image shows an open book with text on the visible pages. The text appears to be discussing historical events and personal correspondence related to the Bauhaus, an influential art and design school, specifically focusing on its time in Weimar from 1920 to 1923.

Key points from the text include:

1. Political and Social Context:

   • The Bauhaus faced significant difficulties in Weimar due to political tensions.
   • The local communist party and the right-wing coalition both opposed the school.
   • The school was seen as a hotbed of radicals, leading to its closure in 1925 and subsequent move to Dessau.

2. Personal Correspondence:

   • Excerpts from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife are included. These letters, translated into English, reflect Feininger's reactions to the tensions and frustrations of the Weimar period.
   • A letter from May 22, 1919, mentions that students were completely out of control and that discipline was poor.
   • Another letter from May 23, 1919, describes the Weimar government as chaotic and notes that antagonists were now protectors of the Bauhaus.
   • A letter from September 1, 1923, discusses the voluntary submission to the "tyranny of Van Doesburg" and the internal sabotage within the Bauhaus.

The text provides a glimpse into the tumultuous environment and political pressures that the Bauhaus faced during its early years, as well as the personal perspectives of those involved.

This image shows an open book with text on the left page, while the right page seems to be flipped revealing the back of the previous page. The text visible talks about historical events concerning the Bauhaus school, its challenges during the Weimar period, the political atmosphere at that time, and mentions specific names and dates such as Wassily Kandinsky, Lionel Feininger, and dates in 1919 and 1922. It appears to be a historical document or an excerpt from a book dealing with the complex relationship between the Bauhaus movement, politics, and society in early 20th-century Germany.

The image shows a close-up of an open book with a sheet of paper placed on the right-hand page. The sheet contains a typewritten text titled "1920 and 1922." The text discusses the difficulties faced by the town of Weimar and its local government, particularly concerning the Bauhaus school and its controversies during the early 1920s. It mentions public suspicion, attacks by the communist party, right-wing political opposition, and the eventual closure of the Bauhaus in Weimar in 1925, leading to its relocation to Dessau. The sheet also includes excerpts of letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife, reflecting the painter's reactions to the political tensions during the Weimar period, with dated entries from May 1919 and September 1922.

The text is typed in a monospaced font, typical of typewritten documents, and is centered on the sheet. The sheet is placed over a larger book page, partially covering text on the left side. The top and left edges of the sheet are aligned with the book's page edges, and the book appears to have a greenish cover visible on the far right. The background surface on which the book lies is a plain, light grey color.

The image shows an open book with two visible pages. The left page is partially visible, displaying text that appears to be from a historical or academic context, mentioning topics such as "aesthetic," "faculty," "workshops," and "budget." The right page is more prominently displayed and contains a detailed excerpt discussing events related to the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany, during the years 1920 and 1922. The text is formatted in a classic, serif font and includes dated entries (e.g., May 22, 1919; May 23, 1919; September 7, 1922) from letters written by Lyonel Feininger to his wife. These excerpts describe the political and social tensions surrounding the Bauhaus, including conflicts with local authorities, communist factions, and conservative groups. The content reflects the challenges faced by the school during this period, including accusations of radicalism and the eventual closure of the Bauhaus in Weimar, leading to its relocation to Dessau. The page numbering indicates that this is page -9-, suggesting it is part of a larger document or book. The overall appearance is consistent with a historical or archival text, likely from an academic or biographical source.

The image shows an open book with two pages displayed. The pages have a white background with black text. The text appears to be a historical account or an excerpt from a book, discussing the challenges faced by the Bauhaus art school during the Weimar period in Germany. The text includes quotes from letters written by Lyonel Feininger, a painter, reflecting his reactions to the tensions and frustrations of the Weimar period.